شرح قواعد منهج 3 /ثانوى

The present simple المضارع البسيط
يتكون الفعل في المضارع البسيط من المصدر ( التصريف الأول للفعل ) - يضاف للفعل “ es / s “ للفعل عندما يكون الفاعل مفرد غائب
يستخدم للتعبير: الحقائق facts
Always / usually / often / sometimes / rarely / never
تأتي ظروف التكرار قبل الفعل الرئيسي و لكنها تأتي بعد v. to be
1) he usually comes late he is usually late
الظروف الآتية تقع في بداية الجملة أو في نهايتها :
Every day/in the morning/at moon/in the afternoon / in the evening / at night.
The past simple الماضي البسيط
التكوين : يتكون الماضي البسيط من التصريف الثاني للفعل .
ويستخدم الماضي البسيط مع الكلمات الآتية :- Yesterday , last , ago , once in the past / in + date Used to
• اعتاد أن ( يفعل الشيء ولكنة لا يفعله الآن ) المصدر +used to + فاعل عاقل
فاعل عاقل +be/get + used to + v +ing يعتاد علي ( فعل شيء ) في الحاضر
فاعل غير عاقل + be + used to + المصدر
فاعل غير عاقل + be + used to + for + v + ing تستعمل هذه التركيبية للتعبير عن الاستخدام

Should / Ought to / Suppose
present : ( am / is / are ) + supposed to + inf = should / ought to + inf
Past : (was/were) + supposed to + inf = should/ought to + have + p.p
Future time المستقبل
Will + inf
1- My oldest son will be 19 next month حقيقة مستقبلة
2- If you don't study , I 'll punish you تهديد
3- He’ll come in time تنبؤ
4- I’ll take this shirt , please قرار سريع وقت الكلام
am / is / are + going to + مصدر
1- I’m going to visit him tomorrow (plan-decide-intendنية- قصد – تخطيط (
2- it’s cloudy . it’s going to rain تنبؤ مع وجود دلائل
The present cont . ( am / is / are + v. + ing )
1- He is leaving for Paris tomorrow ( prepare –arrange ) حدث مستقبلي مرتب له و مؤكد
2- The present Simple. المضارع البسيط
حدث مؤكد ( جدول زمني / موعد وسائل مواصلات ) The train leaved at 8 o’clock
5- مع الروابط الآتية بشرط أن تتبع هذه الروابط بالمضارع البسيط / المضارع التام يأتي will + inf
if / when / until / unless / after / as soon as / before
we will start as soon as he arrives / has arrived
Conjunctions الروابط
1-Although = though/even though (S + V) بالرغم من (يأتي بعدهم جملة كاملة )
Although he's only 14,he's an expert at computers.
2- Despite/in spite of ( noun/ gerund ) بالرغم من (يأتي بعدهم عبارة )
* Despite his illness, he passed his exams.
3-As well as = besides + in addition to ( noun/ gerund)بالإضافة إلى
* Besides cooking for 20 people, I did all the washing up.
4-But =, however =, yet
* She drove very fast, however she missed the plane. However fast she drove, she missed the plane
5- Because = since = as (S + V) (يأتي بعدهم جملة كاملة ) لان
* Because /since we are early, I think we should wait outside.
6- Because of = owing to = due to ( noun/ gerund) بسبب
* Due to the bad weather, the match was cancelled.


7- As long as = provided (that ) only if (S+V) (يأتي بعدهم جملة كاملة ) إذا /لو/طالما
* I'll go provided ( that ) ( as long as ) you come with me.
= I'll only go if you come with me. = I won't go unless you come with me.
8- Not only + صيغة استفهامية + but + جملة كاملة + as well
* Not only have you got top marks but you've got a prize as well
9- So as to = in order to = to + inf. لكي
* He opened the door in order to see who was there.
10- So that = in order that ( Sفاعل + can/may/could/might+ verb )
* He left early so that he could/ (might ) catch the train.
11- So = therefore =that's why = - Consequently
* My bike's broken, so I'll have to walk. *I missed the train, consequently I was late for school.
Conditional Sentences
مضارع بسيط مضارع بسيط
المصدر + will مضارع بسيط (1)
المصدر + would ماضي بسيط (2 ) if
would have + PP. ماضي تام (3 )
الحالة الشرطية الثانية
المصدر + would ماضي بسيط + if
تستخدم هذه الحالة للتعبير عن مواقف غير محتملة الحدوث أو مواقف خيالية أو غير حقيقية في الحاضر :
1- يحول المضارع إلي ماضي بسيط - يحول النفي إلي الإثبات و العكس .
3- إذا احتوت الجملة علي because / as نبدأ بالجملة الثانية .
it isn’t fine today . I can’t go for a swim ( if ) If it were fine , I could go for a walk .
الحالة الشرطية الثالثة
1- يحول الماضي البسيط إلي الماضي التام . - يحول النفي إلي الإثبات و العكس .
If + ماضي تام would have + P.P
- he didn’t try to leave the country , so he wasn’t arrested . ( if )
If he had tried to leave the country , he would have been arrested
1- يمكن استخدام should محل if في الحالة الأولي. ( should + s. + inf )
- if he fails his exam , he will be punished . ( should )
- Should he fail his exam , he will be punished .
2- و يمكن استخدام were محل if في الحالة الثانية .
( were + s. + ….. ) – ( were + s. + to + inf )
- if were a fish , I’d swim . - Were I a fish , I'd swim
- if he went to bed early , he wouldn’t feel sleepy in the morning
Were he to go to bed early , he wouldn't feel sleepy in the morning
3- و يمكن استخدام had محل if في الحالة الثالثة أو في الحالة الثانية إذا كانت فعل أساسي .
if he had time ,he would go to the cinema . Had he time , he would go….
if you had put up your hand , the bus would have stopped.
Had you put up your hand , the bus ………
و يمكن استخدام in case of محل if في الإثبات و لكن يأتي بعدها الاسم أو الفعل + ing
if he were clever , he would solve this problem ( in case of )
In case of being clever ( his cleverness ) , he would ……
- و يمكن استخدام (without -( but for- محل if في النفي أو محل unless و يأتي بعدها الاسم أم الفعل + ing
- if he hadn’t behaved foolishly , we would have helped him
without + اسم ……. would + المصدر = if it weren’t for + اسم would + المصدر
without + اسم … would have +p.p. = if it hadn't been for + اسم would've + p.p.
7- ويمكن استخدام as long as أو that provided أو providing محل if ولهم نفس المعني .
10- The present perfect tense زمن المضارع التام
have / has + P.P.
- I have bought 'a new shirt . - She has learnt English since 1996.
lately تستخدم في النفي والاستفهام - I haven't seen him lately.
recently تستخدم في الإثبات والاستفهام - I have joined a music club recently
yet تستخدم في النفي والاستفهام